Ammonium peroxydisulfate
Ammonium persulfate
CAS: 7727-54-0
Molecular Formula: H8N2O8S2
Ammonium peroxydisulfate - Names and Identifiers
Ammonium peroxydisulfate - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | H8N2O8S2 |
| Molar Mass | 228.2 |
| Density | 1.98 |
| Melting Point | 120 °C |
| Water Solubility | 582 g/L (20 ºC) decomposes |
| Solubility | H2O: soluble |
| Vapor Presure | 0Pa at 25℃ |
| Vapor Density | 7.9 (vs air) |
| Appearance | powder |
| Specific Gravity | 1.982 |
| Color | White to yellow |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3 |
| Merck | 14,541 |
| PH | 1.0-2.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O) |
| Storage Condition | Store at +15°C to +25°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Oxidizing. May ignite combustible material. Incompatible with bases, combustible material, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy compounds, silver compounds, zinc. May decompose upon exposure to water |
| Sensitive | Moisture Sensitive |
| Refractive Index | 1.50 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder. The relative density is 1.982 The solubility is easily soluble in water, and the solubility is 58.2g/100ml water at 0 ℃. |
| Use | Used as food preservative, oxidant and initiator of high molecular polymer |
Ammonium peroxydisulfate - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R8 - Contact with combustible material may cause fire R22 - Harmful if swallowed R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R42/43 - May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. |
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S24 - Avoid contact with skin. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S37 - Wear suitable gloves. |
| UN IDs | UN 1444 5.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | SE0350000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28334000 |
| Hazard Class | 5.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 820 mg/kg (Smyth) |
Ammonium peroxydisulfate - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Ammonia Sulfuric acid Ammonium sulfate |
| Downstream Products | Potassium persulfate Potassium persulfate Ammonium persulfate Sodium polyacrylate |
Ammonium peroxydisulfate - Reference Information
| pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration | 1 - 2 |
| LogP | -1 at 20℃ |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | ammonium persulfate is a white, tasteless single crystal with the molecular formula (NH4)2S2O8, which is highly oxidizing and corrosive, heat is easy to decompose, not easy to absorb moisture, soluble in water, increased solubility in warm water, in aqueous solution can be hydrolyzed into ammonium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide. Its dry product has good stability, easy to store, and has the advantages of convenience and safety. It decomposes when heated to 120°C and is susceptible to moisture and agglomeration in humid air. It is mainly used as an oxidant and in the preparation of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and other persulfates. It can be used as a free initiator for polymer polymerization, especially emulsion polymerization and redox polymerization in the polymerization of vinyl chloride compounds. The grease, soap industry is used as a bleaching agent. For the preparation of aniline dyes and dyes oxidation and electroplating industry, photography and chemical analysis. Food grade used as a wheat modifier, beer yeast fungicide. It can also be used as Metal Etchants, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, starch modification, low temperature bleaching and Desizing of pulp and fabric, purification of circulating water system, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive adhesion acceleration, disinfectant, hair dye decolorization, etc. Ammonium persulfate is non-flammable, but due to the release of oxygen and the role of combustion, the storage environment must be dry and clean, well ventilated. Pay attention to moisture and rain, rain is not suitable for transport. Should be kept away from fires, heat sources and direct sunlight. Keep the outer package sealed and the label intact and clear. It should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic matter, and reducing substances such as rust, a small amount of metal, etc., and should not be mixed to prevent the decomposition and explosion of ammonium persulfate. |
| toxicity | is irritant and corrosive to skin and mucosa. After inhalation cause rhinitis, laryngitis, shortness of breath and Cough. Long-term skin contact can cause allergic dermatitis. Rat oral LD50 = 820mg/kg. GB 9685-2008 plastic ABS in the provisions of the maximum use of 0.2%; Adhesive and paper according to the production needs of the appropriate amount of use. |
| preparation method | The refined electrolyte consists of high-level cells continuously entering the diaphragm cell, and the electrolyte consists: the cathode liquid is sulfuric acid 280 ~ 340kg/m3; Ammonium sulfate 180~210kg/m3. The anode liquid is sulfuric acid 110 ~ 140kg/m3; Ammonium sulfate 300~340/m3. In general, the current density of the anode is 20-25A/L, the cell voltage is 5.5-5.8V, and the electrolysis temperature is controlled at 25-30 °c. In order to improve the current efficiency, ammonium thiocyanate is usually added in an amount of about 0.015% to 0.03% of the electrolyte. After the electrolysis, the mass concentration of ammonium persulfate in the anode liquid should reach 220-260kg/m3, which is collected in the anode liquid storage tank, filtered into the crystallizer, and frozen under stirring to crystallize ammonium persulfate. When the temperature drops to -12 ℃ ~-8 ℃, stop freezing. Then centrifuged and dried to obtain the finished product. The reaction formula is as follows:(NH4)2SO4 + H2SO4(NH4)2S2O8 + H2 |
| Use | used as analytical reagent, photographic fixer and reducing agent used as food preservative, oxidizing agent and initiator for high molecular polymer The chemical industry is used as a raw material for producing persulfate and hydrogen peroxide, a polymerization promoter for organic polymer polymerization, and an initiator for polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer. The grease, soap industry is used as a bleaching agent. It is also used in the corrosion of metal plate cutting and oil production in the petroleum industry. Food grade used as a wheat modifier, beer yeast fungicide. wheat flour modifier (limited ≤ 0.3g/kg, Japanese standard, 1999); Beer yeast fungicide (limited 0.1%,FAO/WHO,1984). identification and determination of manganese, steel analysis, oxidants. |
| production method | is obtained by crystallizing ammonium sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid after electrolysis. The electrolysis method is made up of ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid to form an electrolyte, and after removing impurities, electrolysis is carried out, HSO4-is discharged at the anode to generate peroxosulfuric acid, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, when the content of ammonium persulfate in the anode solution reaches a certain concentration, the ammonium persulfate product is prepared by filtration, crystallization, centrifugal separation and drying. Its anode reaction: 2HSO4 -- 2e → H2S2O8 cathode reaction: 2h2e → H2 (NH4)2S2O4 H2S2O8 →(NH4)2S2O8 H2SO4 |
| category | oxidant |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 689 mg/kg; Intraperitoneal-rat LD50: 226 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | strong oxidant; Can be mixed with reductant, sulfur, phosphorus, etc, open flame can be exploded |
| flammability hazard characteristics | high thermal decomposition of oxygen; Toxic nitrogen oxides generated by heating, sulfur oxide and ammonia smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Light loading and light unloading; With organic matter, reducing agent, sulfur, separate storage of phosphorus flammability |
| fire extinguishing agent | water and sand mist |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 2 mg/m3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-05-06 10:48:01
Ammonium peroxydisulfate - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder. Melting point 120 C (decomposition), 1_982 d. It has strong oxidation and corrosion. Completely dry ammonium persulfate is not easy to decompose, the wet ammonium persulfate will gradually decompose, release oxygen and ozone. Soluble in water, its aqueous solution will also decompose at room temperature. An explosive mixture can be formed by mixing with a reducing agent, an organic substance, a combustible substance, or a metal powder.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Ammonium peroxydisulfate - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
an electrolytic solution was prepared from ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid by an electrolysis method, and after removal of impurities, electrolysis was carried out. HS04 was discharged at the anode to generate peroxosulfuric acid, and then reacted with ammonium sulfate to obtain ammonium persulfate. When the content of ammonium persulfate in the anode solution reaches a certain concentration, it can be filtered, crystallized, centrifuged and dried.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:05:09
Ammonium peroxydisulfate - Use
Open Data Verified Data
used as an initiator in the polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. It is also an initiator for the polymerization or copolymerization of certain water-soluble monomers such as acrylic acid and its esters, acrylamide, vinyl acetate, and the like. Also useful as bleaching agents, deodorants, oxidizing agents, protein reagents and Analytical reagents for steel. It is also a raw material for the manufacture of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:05:09
Ammonium peroxydisulfate - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LDso:820mg/kg. Combustion, corrosive, irritating, can cause human burns. Irritant and corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes. After inhalation cause rhinitis, laryngitis, shortness of breath and Cough. Eye and skin contact can cause intense irritation, pain and even Burns. Oral administration caused Abdominal Pain, Nausea and Vomit. Staff should be protected. If the skin and eyes are touched, they should be immediately rinsed with plenty of flowing water. Store in a cool, dry warehouse, away from fire, heat source. It is not allowed to mix with organic matter, reducing agent, flammable and explosive materials, storage and transportation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:05:10
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Raw Materials for Ammonium peroxydisulfate
Downstream Products for Ammonium peroxydisulfate